ICTL - F2 : 1.3 - TOPOLOGY

BUS TOPOLOGY
In communications technology, you think of a bus as a common “highway” on which data is transmitted. A bus refers to the main physical pathway or central cable where all other devices are connected to it. Like a major motor highway, all traffic flow will be affected if this main “road” is broken.

A bus topology consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connect. A bus topology is also known as a bus network.

RING TOPOLOGY
A ring topology consists of all computers and other devices that are connected in a loop. Ring topology is also known as a ring network.
A ring network can be found in Local Area Networks. In a ring network each node
directly connect to two neighbouring nodes.
A server may exist in a ring network, but it will not connect to all the nodes in the network.The server, like other nodes, will only communicate to its two neighbouring nodes.

STAR TOPOLOGY
In the early days of computer networking, all computers were connected to a centralised mainframe computer.
All resources and management of information were centred in this main computer.
The idea of a centralised mainframe computer is where the basic concept of a star topology comes from.

A star topology consists of a central host which acts as the centre, and all nodes connect to the host. A star topology is also known as star network.

ICTL - F2 - 2.3 - Internet Applications.

What is WWW ?

WWW is World Wide Web.
The World Wide Web or the Web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents.
Each electronic document on the Web is called a web page which can contain text, graphics, audio and video.

These pages are written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

Every website has an address or Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The URL is formed by the protocol, domain, directory and the document name.

Web Browsers ?
- is the applications that use to access internet.
- examples of web browsers : (MINAMOZ)
- Mozilla
- Internet Explorer
- Netscape Navigator
- Avant
- Maxthon
- Opera
- Mozilla Firefox
+ Safari
+ Godzilla

ICTL - F1 - Spreadsheet & Task

Spreadsheet (MS Excel) :
- one of the MS Office
- use cell
- Activity :
1) State the steps to launch spreadsheet software
2) Launch a spreadsheet application
3) State and identify features in spreadsheet application and demonstrate understanding of user interface State the main toolbars in spreadsheet software
4) List icons in standard, formatting, formula and chart toolbars.
5) Create a new worksheet using spreadsheet software
6) Enter data into new worksheet
7) Copy, Cut, Paste and Delete data
8) Save the worksheet

- Toolbar : Standard bar
Formatting bar
Formula bar
Chart bar

- Formula : Sum (autoSum)
Average
Grading (VLookup)
Percentage (%)
Ranking

- Task : Make one Mark Sheet - mid year exam 2008 consist :

No Name BM BI M3 KH Sc PAI GEO SEJ PS TOTAL AVERAGE % GRADING

using skills that you have learn. Save as, name of file : ResultMY08. Duration : 1 week.


Revision :

1. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS & PROCESSORS USED
TYPES OF COMPUTERS :

1. Supercomputer

2. Mainframe

3. Mini Computer

4. Micro Computer

5. Work Station

2. COMPUTER PARTS & COMPONENTS

MAIN COMPONENTS IN COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. Monitor

2. Keyboard

3. Speaker

4. Mouse

5. System unit

6. printer

3. BLOCK CYCLE DIAGRAM :

1. Input

2. Process

3. Output

4. Storage

4. TYPES OF PERIPHERALS :

1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. Storage devices

5. DATA MEASUREMENT

1. Bit

A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1. For example, the number 10010111 is 8 bits long or in most cases one modem PC byte.

2. Byte
3. Kilobyte
4. Megabyte
5. Gigabyte

ICT - F4 : 3.0 - NW & COMM & DEVICES & TYPES & CLIENT SERVER

3.0 : COMPUTER NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION

COMPUTER NETWORK ?

A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices. For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras.
Using hardware and software, these interconnected computing devices can communicate with each other through defined rules of data communications. In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer network may operate on wired connections or wireless connections.
When two or more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with one another using suitable hardware and software, it is called an internetwork.

COMMUNICATIONS ?

Communications is about the transfer of information from a sender, across a distance, to a receiver.Using electricity, radio waves or light, information and data in the form of codes are transmitted through a physical medium such as wire, cable, or even the atmosphere. The information that is transmitted (sent) can be text, voice, sound, video, graphics and images, or a combination of all these, which we call multimedia.

We transmit information or data by using two types of signals, namely analog and digital. Computers communicate with digital signals. The older forms of communications technology, such as telephones and radios, use analog signals.

Therefore, in order to make communications possible from computers, across telephones and radios and back to computers and other digital devices again, there must be a signal translator, which we call – a modem.
The modem, which is short for modulator or demodulator, converts digital signals into analog and back again into digital signals for information to move across the telephone line.

In order for a network to properly operate, two categories of network communications components are needed; ‘Hardware’ and ‘Software’. Computers, hub, switch, router, network interface cards and both wired and wireless communications media fall under the ‘Hardware’ category. Operating systems and applications fall under the ‘Software’ category.

NETWORKING DEVICES ?

1. NIC (Network Interface Card)
2. Wireless Network Interface Card
3. Internal Modem
4. External Modem
5. Hub
6. Switch
7. Router
8. Wireless AP (Access Point)

TYPES OF NETWORKS
Three types of networks:
LAN - the email system within the school lab in SMK KL
MAN - the email system within KL city
WAN - the email system between KL and London

CLIENT/SERVER ?

A client/server network is a network in which the shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users (clients) can still store files on their individual PCs.
A server is a computer that shares information and resources with other computers on a network. A client is a computer which requests services or files from a server computer.

CLIENT ?

The client computers are computers on the network that rely on the server for its resources and services.
Client computers send requests to a server for resources or services to perform their job. For example, a client computer can send a request asking permission to use the printer attached to the server, to print a document.
Usually a client computer has to log onto the network using a user name and password to use the server’s resources and services.

For example, you have to be a TMnet or Jaring member to use the internet service. You need to logon to TMnet or Jaring’s server by sending your username and password.

SERVER ?

A server is sometimes called a host computer. A server is a computer that provides services to other computers called clients. A server controls access to the hardware, software and other resources on the network.
It provides a centralised storage area for programs, data and information.

PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK ?

Peer-to-peer or P2P network is a network with all the nodes acting as both servers and clients. A PC can access files located on another PC and can also provide files to other PCs.
All computers in the peer-to-peer network has equal responsibilities and capabilities to use the resources available on the network.
With peer-to-peer network, no server is needed; each computer in the network is called a peer.

ICTL - F2 - 1.2 - Nwork, LANmanWAN

NOTES

TOPIC : NETWORK & INTERNET

Define Computer Networks

1.0 : Network :
is any method of sharing information between two systems (human or mechanical).
consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.


Define Communications :

transfer of communication from a sender across a distance to a receiver
-What are being transmitted
- electricity, radio waves or light,
information and data in the form of codes
- information such as texts, voice, spund,
video, graphic, images or combination of
any two or more
-what are the medium

Benefits of Computer Networks :

-E-banking
*handle transactions like account management, fund transfer and payment over the internet
*transaction can be done at home or from the office

-Long Distance Communication
*communication via texts, voice pr video
*cost cheaper than normal telephone calls
*decision can be made through video
conference

-E-business
Conducting bussinness on the internet
Payment is normally via credit card

-On-line Education
Students at any location can participate in an on-line classroom, downloading tutorial questions and submitting assignment

++

• Sharing devices
• Sharing data and information
• Sharing internet access

COMPUTER NETWORK DEVICES :

1. Network devices – is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions and information between a sending and receiving device.
2. Examples of network devices :
1. NIC (Network Interface Card)
2. Wireless Network Interface Card
3. Internal Modem
4. External Modem
5. Hub
6. Switch
7. Router
8. Wireless AP (Access Point)

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK.:

There are 3 types of computer networks :

LAN (Local Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
LAN : covers a small region of space typically a single building, schools or at home.
- limited geographical area
- often share resources such as printers
- often connected via cable

MAN : connects LANs in city or town

- a connection of LANs with the same geographically area for instant a city
- if long distance, use fibre optic cable for best connection

WAN : a collection of LANs or MANs or both. A very large geographical area for instant a country or beyond the border.

- cover a large geographic area
- using a communication channel
- combine any types of media such as telephone lines
- consist of two or more LAN/MAN connected together
- world’s largest WAN is internet

2.0 : INTERNET ?

The Internet, or the Net, is the worldwide, publicly accessible system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP).

It consists of millions of smaller business, academic, domestic and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.

Internet is one of the uses of communication. Through the Internet, society has access to global information and instant communication.

Advantages of Internet :

1. Can get more information

2. Can get information faster.

3. No need to spend money to get information.

4. Can get latest news / information.

5. Can complete task easier.

6. Can access information all around the world.

7. Can make long distance communication - text, voice, video communication.

8. Email.

9. Video conferencing.

Disadvantages of Internet :
1. Wasting time
2. Wasting money
3. Internet will make students forget to study
4. Pornography - students are not allow to access
5. Not enough security.
6. Virus can attack any time.
7. Can involve in social problem

REQUIREMENTS TO ACCESS INTERNET :

1. Modem (internal / external)
2. Access account
3. NIC (Network Interface Card)
4. Wireless NIC
5. Hub / Switch
6. Router
7. WAP (Wireless Access Point)

Program Latihan Bersepadu ICT
di Rumah Media, Ayer Keroh, Melaka.
pada 12 Jun 2008 ( 8.30 - 4.30 )

Guru Pengiring : Hj Abdul Aziz b Mohd Yunos

Pelajar : 10 orang

Pembantu : En Rosli Sahabat (Pemandu Bas)

Senarai Pelajar :
1. Amalina 4 ik
2. Nurul Jannah 4 ik
3. Siti Jannah 4 ik
4. Munirah 4 ik
5. Nur Izzati 4 ik
6. Siti Mariam 4 ik
7. Yasira 4 ik
8. Habibah 4 ik
9. Khariani 4 ik
10. Nadia 4 ik

Tentatif :
Pagi :
Pendaftaran
Minum pagi
Kuliah - Tajuk : Blog
Group assignment - Family Holiday
T/hari :Makan tengahari
Kuliah
Kuiz - wakil sekolah : Amalina, Khariani, Siti Mariam.

Result :

1. Blog competition - First place (presents - 1 pendrive each - 10 students)
2. Kuiz - Second place (3 students - presents - 1 printer each)
3. 21 Jun 2008 - go to Pusat Khawarizmi T.Bidara to get testimonials.
   

- CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL MY STUDENTS -