Form4: 1.1.2.3 - State the impact of ICT on society

LESSON 5
THE IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY

FASTER COMMUNICATION SPEED
In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages to be send. Now with the Internet, news or messages are sent via e-mail to friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently. With the capability of bandwidth, broadband and connection speed on the Internet, any information can travel fast and at an instant. It saves time and is inexpensive.

LOWER COMMUNICATION COST
Using the Internet is cost-effective than the other modes of communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service. It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at a very low cost. With the Internet we do not have to pay for any basic services provided by the Internet. Furthermore, the cost of connection to the Internet is relatively cheap.

RELIABLE MODE OF COMMUNICATION
Computers are reliable. With the internet, information could be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and at anytime. This makes it a reliable mode of communication. However, the input to the computer is contributed by humans. If the data passed to the computer is faulty, the result will be faulty as well. This is related to the term GIGO.

GIGO is a short form for Garbage In Garbage Out. It refers to the quality of output produced according to the input. Normally bad input produces bad output.

EFFECTIVE SHARING OF INFORMATION
With the advancement of ICT, information can be shared by people all around the world. People can share and exchange opinions, news and information through discussion groups, mailing list and forums on the Internet. This enable knowledge sharing which will contribute to the development of knowledge based society.

PAPERLESS ENVIRONMENT
ICT technology has created the term paperless environment. This term means information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper. Online communication via emails, online chat and instant messaging also helps in creating the paperless environment.

BORDERLESS COMMUNICATION
Internet offers fast information retrieval, interactivity, accessibility and versatility. It has become a borderless sources for services and information. Through the Internet, information and communication can be borderless.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS
There are some negative effects of ICT. It has created social problems in the society. Nowadays, people tend to choose online communication rather than having real time conversations. People tend to become more individualistic and introvert.

Another negative effect of ICT is :
• fraud
• identity theft
• Pornography
• Hacking

This will result a moral decedent and generate threads to the society.

HEALTH PROBLEMS
A computer may harm users if they use it for long hours frequently. Computer users are also exposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress. In order to solve the health problems, an ergonomic environment can be introduced. For example, an ergonomic chair can reduces back strain and a screen filter is used to minimize eye strain.

Form4:1.1.2.2 State the differences between computerized and non- computerized systems

LESSON 4
COMPUTERISED AND NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS

COMPUTER SYSTEM

A system is an arrangement of elements that when it is put together it becomes an organised and established procedure. A system typically consists of components connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy.

A computer system consists of a set of hardware and software which processes data in a meaningful way.

EDUCATION
• education is the science of teaching and learning of specific skills
• it also imparts knowledge, good judgement and wisdom

BANKING SYSTEM

BANKING BEFORE ICT
• banking was done manually by taking deposits directly
• transactions can only be made during working hours
• takes time to approve any loan applications

BANKING WITH ICT
• all transactions are done by computers
• transaction can be done at anytime and place
• online services, phone banking system, credit cards are available

INDUSTRY

INDUSTRY BEFORE ICT
Production was slow because everything was done manually and totally depended on human labour.

INDUSTRY WITH ICT
Computers and telecommunications industry became very opular and profitable since production can be increased through an all day operation.

COMMERCE

Commerce is an activity of exchanging, buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place.

COMMERCE BEFORE ICT
• Trading was made using the barter system and it was then later developed
into currency.
• Advertisement was in the form of word of mouth, billboards and printed
flyers.
• Trading globally was extremely slow, late and expensive. Traders had to find
ways to market local products in the global market.

COMMERCE WITH ICT
E-commerce plays an important role in the economic scene. It includes distribution, buying, selling and servicing products that are done electronically.

Form 1H : NAME LIST & graphic

STUDENT 1 HABSAH :

1. ANIS NABIHAH BAHARUDIN
2. ZULAIKHA AZMAN
3. NURFARAHNAZ ISMAIL
4. NUR SALEHA ISMAIL
5. NUR AIDA NAJIHAH ISMAIL NAJIB
6. SUHAILA ABDUL HALIM SHAH
7. NOR NAJIHAH ABD MUTALIB
8. NORSYAHIRAH BAHARUDIN
9. NURUL HASYIMAH KARIM
10. NURFATEHAH NAILAH MOHD NIZAM
11. NURUL SYUHADAH MAZLI
12. NUR SYAKIRA TAHIR
13. JASMIN ZAINAL
14. LATIFAH MASTURA ABD RAZAK
15. SITI NURNAJWA HASHIM
16. NORHIDAYU ZAKARIA
17. ADIBAH IMANI MOHAMAD
18. SITI NURAMEERA FARAHIN MOHD SAID
19. NUR IZZATI NAJIHAH ABD HAFIDZ
20. NAJIHAH MOHD FAUZI
21. NUR ATHIRAH MOHD SUHAIMI
22. UMMI SORAYYA BAHARAM
23. NOR QUZAIMAH ROSLI
24. NURUL NAJIAH AZMAN
25. NUR SYAMIMI ABD WAHAB
26. NOR SYAHIRA ISA

Form2 - 2A, 2K, 2S, 2H, 2F - Homework January

All students Form 2A, 2K, 2S, 2H, 2F - please do this homework in ICTL exercise book during ChiNewYear holiday, :

1. Fill in the blank with the terms given : DATABASE BAR, DATABASE WINDOW BAR, OBJECT BAR, ICON BAR, TITLE BAR.

2. Build one profile table about your family. Named the table "MyFamily Data". That table must have fields : Number, Name, Gender, IC, Age, Hobby.

Save this file in your thumbdrive and summit on 2nd Feb 2009 (Monday). TQ.

Form1H & 1S : Revision Chapter 1 - Whole Number

All students 1S & 1H - please finish these homework during ChiNewYear holiday, tq :

1. Round off 2 839 to the nearest ten.

2. Given the five whole numbers, 1 234, 1 324, 1 423, 1 342, 1 432, what is the difference between the largest and the smallest number?

3. 275 375 becomes 275 000 after being rounded off to the nearest _____________

4. There are 9 632 based in a box. 4 760 of them are red, 1 327 are yellow and the rest are blue. How many blue beads are there?

5. Round off 37 774 to the nearest thousand.

6. State the place value of 8 in the number 8 320 179

7. There are 300 workers in a factory. The workers are divided equality into 12 teams. If 4 teams are on duty, how many workers are there on duty at night?

8. In a sport match, each team has 20 players. if 13 teams take part in that sports match, how many players are there?

9. Find the remainder when 3525 is divided by 6

10. Micheal has 264 toy cars in his collection. His younger brother has 80 more than him. What is the total number of toy cars collected by both of them ?

Form 1H & 1S : Maths - Exercises

Student 1 S & 1 H :
Please open text book page 18, and do question no. 6, 7, 8 in Book 1. That's all. Pass up on Monday after CNYear.

Form2 : Database (MS Access) - Note & printing

Form2 : MS Access (Database)

Step to create table :

1. Open MS Access
2. Create a new file
3. Blank database
4. Save file
5. Design view
6. Insert data
7. Set primary key
8. Close, save – table name
9. Insert data / record
10. Save again

Exercise :

Answer question, exercise Modul 2 (page 19) :
Print and paste in student’s exercise book
- print database – Cocuriculum data 2S
- table – Cocuriculum data 2S


How to Print (Database) :
1. Open database file
2. Push Print Screen / Prt Scr (keyboard)
3. Open MS Word
4. Paste - ctr V / Edit then paste
5. Open Table (database file)
6. Push Print Screen / Prt Scr (keyboard)
7. Open MS Word
8. Paste - ctr V / Edit then paste
9. Setup margin - database and table display in one page
Clic file, page setup, clic margin, change top to 0.4, change bottom to 0.4, OK.
10. Save in your thumbdrive and print

Form4 : 1.1.2.1 Exercise

Exercise :
1. Give the 2 advantages of ICT in education
2. Give the 2 advantages of ICT in banking
3. Give the 2 advantages of ICT in e-commerce
4. Give the 2 advantages of ICT in industry

Form4 : 1.1.2.1 - Usage of ICT in everyday life

USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE

EDUCATION

Today, most schools and higher educational institutions have computers in the classroom for teacher and students. In education, teachers, students, researchers and school administrators benefits from the usage of ICT.

BANKING

The computer is the nerve centre of the banking system around the world. It functions to control the entire banking system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'.

Electronic banking provides 24 hour services. The services include :

• Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
• Cheque Deposit
• Electronic Fund Tranfer
• Direct Deposit
• Pay by phone system
• Personal computer banking/ internet banking


In the banking sector, customers, businessman and bank administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.
INDUSTRY

Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain management and to help in product design in the industrial sector.In the industrial sector ,workers, researchers and administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.
E-COMMERCE

E-commerce helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier, more efficient and faster. For this application, computers, Internet and shared software are needed.


In the e-commerce sector ,customers r, suppliers and employees benefits from the usage of ICT.

Form2 : 8.0 - Database Software

Meaning of database :
A database is the computer equivalent of an
organized list of information. Typically, this information has a common subject or purpose, such as the list of employees, phonebook guide or a classmates address book.

Microsoft Access 2003 (Access 2003) is a database system management (database programs). It can store, manage, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, display or publish information from database.

Table :
A collection of records that identify a category of data, such as Customers, Orders, or Inventory. Data inside a table is arrange by column name field and row named Record.
- Field – A single characteristic or attribute of a person, place, object, event, or idea.
- Record – A set of related field values.
Form :
Use to enter new information, to edit or remove existing information or to locate information.
Query :
Used to locate information, to view, change or analyze it in various ways. A select query retrieves data from one or more tables and displays the result in datasheet. A select query can be used to group record and calculate sums, counts, averages and other types of totals.
Report :
Typically used to summarize, organize and analyze information in order to express a particular point of view to specific audience.

PRIMARY KEY :
means the value in the primary key fields is need to uniquely identify each record; that’s no record can have the same value in this field.

Form4 IR (2010) : 1.1.1.1 Define ICT - notes

What is ICT ?
is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, pricess, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

Information :
refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.
The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio.
We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas.
Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the stock exchange market.

Communication :
is an act or transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions. Previously, people communicated through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these 'older' forms of communication are less utilised as compared to the use of the Internet, e-mail or video conferencing.
Communication is important in order to gain knowledge. With knowledge, we are more confident in expressing our thoughts and ideas.

Technology :
is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs.
is vital in communication.

Aiding Communication
- telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending communication.

Spreading Information
- to broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively. Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used.

Form4 : Exercise 1.1.1.1

Exercise :
1. ICT means .......................................
2. What are the requirements of ICT ? Give 3 requirements.
3. State 3 tools of information transmition.
4. Describe the purpose of information.
5. Give 3 technology of communication.
6. State 2 aids to extend communication.
7. What are the tools that can be used to spread information?

Form5 : Exercise 5.1.1 (Program & Prg Language)

Exercise (5.1.1 - Program & Programming Language) :
Q1 : State the definition of program and give 3 examples of program.
Q2 : What is programming language and state 3 examples of program language.
Q3 : Give 2 differentiations between program and programming language.

Form2 : Exercise (Database software)

Date :
Day :

Exercise :
1. What is database ?
2. Give 3 examples of database software.
3. State 3 usages of database software.
4. Make one table with 10 information as the example of database software : field-6, information-10.

Form2 : Database Software

A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. The structure is achieved by organizing the data according to a database model. The model in most common use today is the relational model. Other models such as the hierarchical model and the network model use a more explicit representation of relationships.

A database management system (DBMS) is computer software that manages databases. DBMSes may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way.

The usages of Database Software :

Easy to find information

Can get information fast

Can get complete information

Data : (not process)

- refers to a collection of facts usually collected as the result of experience, observation or experiment, or processes within a computer system, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables. Data is often viewed as a lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived.

- is like raw material. It is not organized ad has little value.

- There can be text data, number or numerical data, image data, audio data and video data.

Information : (processed)

- as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

- is organized data that is valuable and meaningful to a specific user.

- An information system is a set of related components that collects data, processes data and provides information. Collect data – process data – provide information.

Form5 : 5.1.4 – Translator

TRANSLATOR

Sometimes two people cannot understand each other because they don’t speak the same language. So they need the help of a third person who understands both languages. This third person is known as a translator.

All software packages or programs are written in high-level languages, for example, C++, Visual Basic and Java.

However, in order for the computer to be able to carry out the instructions, the high-level languages must be translated into machine language before the computer can understand and execute the instructions in the program.

The translation of high level languages to machine language is performed by a translator.

PROGRAM

Have you ever wondered how your computer runs your favourite software?

Your favourite software is a program that consists of several instructions that perform its operation.

A programmer will write a source code which consists of the instructions

needed to run a program. Then the compiler or interpreter with assembler will translates the source code into machine language which is made of a sequence of bits (eg. 01100011).

The computer will load the machine code and run the program.

ASSEMBLER

An assembler is a computer program for translating assembly language — essentially, a mnemonic representation of machine language — into machine language.

For example in intel 80836, the assembly language for the ’no operation’ command is NOP and its machine code representation is 10010000.

Example of assemblers are MACRO-80 Assembler and Microsoft MASM.

INTERPRETER

Interpreter is used to interpret and execute program directly from its source without compiling it first. The source code of an interpreted language is interpreted and executed in real time when the user execute it.

The interpreter will read each codes converts it to machine code and executes it line by line until the end of the program.

Examples of interpreter-based language are BASIC, Logo and Smalltalk.

COMPILER

The source code (in text format) will be converted into machine code which is a file consisting of binary machine code that can be executed on a computer. If the compiler encounters any errors, it records them in the program-listing file.

When a user wants to run the program, the object program is loaded into the memory of the computer and the program instructions begin executing.

A compiled code generally runs faster than programs based on interpreted language. Several programming languages like C++, Pascal and COBOL used compilers as their translators.

Form5 : 5.1.3 – Programming Language Approaches

PROGRAMING APPROACHES

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING EDUCATION

Structured programming often uses a top-down design model where

developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections

from top to bottom.

In the top-down design model, programs are drawn as rectangles. A top-down design means that the whole program is broken down into smaller sections that are known as modules.A program may have a module or several modules.

Structured programming is beneficial for organising and coding computer

programs which employ a hierarchy of modules. This means that control is passed downwards only through the hierarchy.

Examples of structured programming languages include Ada, Pascal and

Fortran.

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

The object-oriented approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects.

In an object-oriented program, the object have relationships with one another.

One of the earliest OOP languages is Smalltalk. Java, Visual Basic and C++ are examples of popular OOP languages.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Structured programming often uses a top-down design model.

The object-oriented programming approach uses objects.

Form5 : 5.1.2 – Levels & Generations of Programming Languages

GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from computer’s microprocessor.

A high-level programming language is a programming language that is more abstract, easier to use, and more portable across platforms.

LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

FIRST GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The first generation of programming language, or 1GL, is machine language. Machine language is a set of instructions and data that a computer's central processing unit can execute directly.

Machine language statements are written in binary code, and each statement corresponds to one machine action.

SECOND GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The second generation programming language, or 2GL, is assembly language. Assembly language is the human-readable notation for the machine language used to control specific computer operations.

An assembly language programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes that are meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics.

An assembler is a program that translates assembly language into machine language.

Since assembly language consist of human-readable abbreviations, the assembler must first convert assembly language into machine-readable language before the computer can readily understand its instructions.

THIRD GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The third generation of programming language, 3GL, or procedural language uses a series of English-like words, that are closer to human language,

to write instructions.

High-level programming languages make complex programming simpler and

easier to read, write and maintain.Programs written in a high-level programming language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter.

PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C and C++ are examples of third

generation programming languages.

FOURTH GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The fourth generation programming language or non-procedural language, often abbreviated as 4GL, enables users to access data in a database.

A very high-level programming language is often referred to as goal-oriented programming language because it is usually limited to a very specific

application and it might use syntax that is never used in other programming languages.

SQL, NOMAD and FOCUS are examples of fourth generation programming languages.

FIFTH GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The fifth generation programming language or visual programming

language, is also known as natural language.

Provides a visual or graphical interface, called a visual programming

environment, for creating source codes.

Fifth generation programming allows people to interact with computers without needing any specialised knowledge.

People can talk to computers and the voice recognition systems can convert

spoken sounds into written words, but these systems do not understand what they are writing; they simply take dictation.

Prolog and Mercury are the best known fifth-generation languages.

Form5 : 5.1.1 – Define Program & Programming Language

PROGRAM

A computer program is a series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Without programs, computers are useless.

A program is like a recipe. It contains a list of variables (called ingredients) and a list of statements (called directions) that tell the computer what to do with the variables.

Like a recipe, a program can be written in different programming languages which may express the steps differently according to the programming language syntax, but deliver the same end result.

PROGRAMMING

Programming is a creation of a set of commands or instructions which directs a computer in carrying out a task.

Later these commands or instructions will be compiled and/or interpreted and then transformed to executable instructions that a computer or electronic device can execute or run.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A programming language is a set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with computers.

It is a language used for writing computer programs, that direct a computer to perform computation and to organise the flow of control between mechanical devices.

EXAMPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Hundreds of programming languages exist today. Each language has its own standard or rules for writing the commands and/or instructions.

Examples of programming languages are:

BASIC (Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

Pascal

C

Smalltalk.