Answer all questions :
1. Round off each of the following numbers to the nearest thousands :
a) 683
b) 1526
c) 37094
d) 194 827
2. Find the sums of each of the following :
a) 2658 + 11467
b) 9237 + 45658
c) 6045 + 98799 + 76545
d) 23989 + 98765 + 65467
3. Calculate each of the following :
a) 88975 – 45876
b) 76089 – 8567
c) 964884 – 34593 – 76766
d) 429102 – 20876 – 44536
4. Calculate each of the following :
a) 506 X 6
b) 9878 X 23
c) 74 X 33 X 25
d) 34 X 15 X 56 X 26
5. How much should be added to 48692 to get 90000 ?
6. Mr Lim has 286 durians. Mr Tan has 65 durians more than Mr Lim. If each of them sells 190 durians, what is the total number of durians left ?
7. 121, 100, ...., 64, 49. Fill in the blank.
8. How many prime numbers are there between 30 and 55 ?
9. Find LCM of 14, 35, and 42.
10. Find the lowest common multiple of 12 and 18.
11. Find the highest common factor of 36 and 54.
12. Find HCF of 42, 70, and 98.
13. The product of HCF and LCM of 8 and 12 is .....
14. 42, 39, 35, p, 24. So p is ....
15. In the number sequence 7, 9, 13, 19, X, 37 Y, 63. The value of Y - X is ......
Thursday, February 26, 2009
Monday, February 23, 2009
Form 5ik1 & 5ik2 : Translator (Exercises) 25feb09
Questions :
1. Describe briefly the meaning of program with at least two examples.
2. Translator is a third party that translated the high-level language into machine language before the computer can understand and execute the instructions in the program. State 3 types of translator.
3. Explain briefly about assembler. Give at least 2 examples.
4. Explain briefly about interpreter. Give at least 2 examples.
5. Explain briefly about compiler. Give at least 2 examples.
1. Describe briefly the meaning of program with at least two examples.
2. Translator is a third party that translated the high-level language into machine language before the computer can understand and execute the instructions in the program. State 3 types of translator.
3. Explain briefly about assembler. Give at least 2 examples.
4. Explain briefly about interpreter. Give at least 2 examples.
5. Explain briefly about compiler. Give at least 2 examples.
Friday, February 13, 2009
Form 2A, 2F, 2S, 2H, 2K - Exercise 14Feb09 (homework)
To all students Form 2A, 2F, 2S, 2H, 2K, please built one database, print the report and paste it in your exercise book. File name : Kamarku. 6 Fields : No, Name, Class, Hobby, TelNo, Birthday. Pass up your books before you enter your ICTL class next week (16Feb09).
Monday, February 9, 2009
Form4 : 1.2.2.1 List ways to protect privacy.
LESSON 9
PRIVACY IN COMPUTER USAGE
WHAT IS PRIVACY?
Privacy in IT refers to data and information privacy.
Data refers to a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures and
symbols. Then, computer is used to process data into information. In
general, data include texts, numbers, sounds, images and video.
Information privacy is described as the rights of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.
WAYS COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY THREATEN OUR PRIVACY
Every time you click on an advertisement or register a software product online, your information is entered into a database. Computer technology can also threaten privacy through spam. Do you know what spam is? Spam is unsolicited e-mail messages, advertisements or newsgroup postings sent to many recipients at once.
How does computer technology threaten the privacy of our data?
It is done through:
• Cookies
• Electronic profile
• Spyware
Computer technology threatens our privacy through electronic profiling. For example, when we fill out a form such as a magazine subscription, purchasing products or contest entry form on the Internet, this data is kept in the database. It will include age, address, marital status and other
personal details.
Cookies
• are used to identify users by web casting,e-commerce and other web
applications
• contain user information and are saved in the computer hard disk
• are used by some websites to store passwords and track how regularly we
visit a website, that’s how we become potential targets for web advertisers
• enable web sites to collect information about your online activities and
store them for future use, then the collected details will be sold to any
company that requests for it.
Electronic profile
• electronic profile is the combining of data in a database that can be sold
to the Internet by the company to the interested parties.
• this database is in a form such as magazine subscription or product
warranty cards that had been filled by online subscribers.
• the information in electronic profile includes personal details such as your
age, address and marital status.
Spyware
• refers to a program that collects user information without the user’s
knowledge.
• can enter computers, sneaking in like a virus.
• is a result of installing new programs.
• communicates information it collects to some outside source while we are
online.
WHY DO WE NEED PRIVACY?
We need privacy for anonymity. For example, the Internet creates an elaborate trail of data detailing a person surfing on the Web because all
information is stored inside cookies. We do not want our trail to be detected.
We also need privacy for confidentiality. For example, online information generated in the course of a business transaction is routinely used for
a variety of other purposes without the individual’s knowledge or consent.
We do not want our private lives and habits exposed to third parties.
CAN PRIVACY BE PROTECTED?
Privacy can be protected by:
(a) Privacy law
The privacy laws in Malaysia emphasises on the following:
• Security Services to review the security policy
• Security Management to protect the resources
• Security Mechanism to implement the required security services
• Security Objects, the important entities within the system environment
(b) Utilities software
Example: anti-spam program, firewall, anti-spyware and antivirus.
1.2.2.2 - State authentication and verification methods/technologies.
AUTHENTICATIONS
Authentication is a process where users verify that they are who they say they are. The user who attempts to perform functions in a system is in fact the user who is authorised to do so.
For Example : When you use an ATM card, the machine will verify the validation of the card then the machine will request for a pin number. This is where the authentication process takes place.
METHODS OF AUTHENTICATION
There are two commonly used authentication methods, which are biometric device and callback system.
Biometric device is a device that translates personal characteristics into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the database.
Callback system refers to the checking system that authenticates the user.
BIOMETRIC DEVICES
Fingerprint Recognition
In order to prevent fake fingers from being used, many
biometrics fingerprint systems also measure blood flow, or check for correctly arrayed ridges at the edges of the
fingers.
Facial Recognition
Facial recognition analyses the characteristics of an individual's face images captured through a digital video camera. Facial recognition is widely used, touted as a fantastic system for recognising potential threats
(whether terrorists, scam artists, or known criminals).
Hand Geometry Scanning
Hand scanning involves the measurement and analysis
of the shape of one's hand.
Unlike fingerprints, the human hand isn't unique.
Individual hand features are not descriptive enough for
identification.
It is possible to devise a method by combining various individual features and measurements of fingers and hands for verification purposes.
Iris Scanning
Iris scanning analyses the features that exist in the
coloured tissues surrounding the pupil which has more than 200 points that can be used for comparison, including rings, furrows and freckles.
The scans use a regular video camera and can be done from further away than a retinal scan.It will work perfectly fine through glasses and in fact has the ability to create an accurate enough measurement that it can be used for identification purposes.
The accuracy of this method is excellent while the cost involved is high.
Retinal Scanning
Retinal biometrics involves the scanning of retina and analysing the layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye.
Retinal scanning involves using a low-intensity light source and an optical coupler and can read the patterns at a great level of accuracy.
Retina scanning requires the user to remove glasses, place their eye close to the device, and focus on a certain point. Whether the accuracy can outweigh the public discomfort is yet to be seen.
The accuracy in retinal scanning is very good and the cost involved is fair.
Voice Recognition
Voice recognition system compares a person’s live speech with their stored voice pattern.
Voice recognition biometrics requires user to speak into a microphone. What he speaks can be his password or an access phrase.
Verification time is approximately 5 seconds. To prevent recorded voice
use, most voice recognition devices require the high and low frequencies of the sound to match, which is difficult for many recording instruments to recreate well. Also, some devices generate random number of sequences for
verification.
The accuracy in voice recognition is fair and the cost involved is very reasonable.
Signature Verification System
Signature verification system uses special pen and tablet. After pre-processing the signature, several features are extracted.
The authenticity of a writer is determined by comparing an input signature to a stored reference set (template) consisting of three signatures.
The similarity between an input signature and the reference set is computed using string matching and the similarity value is compared to a threshold.
The accuracy in signature verification system is fair and the cost involved is excellent.
CALLBACK SYSTEM
The callback system is commonly used in the bank operation and business transaction.
For example, when you book for the taxi service, the operator will ask you to hang up and she will call you back to confirm for the service required.
WHY IS AUTHENTICATION IMPORTANT?
Authentication is important in order to safeguard against the unauthorised access and use.
VERIFICATION
Verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of a system with respect to a certain formal specification.
METHODS OF VERIFICATION
There are two methods commonly used in verification, which are user identification and processed object.
User identification refers to the process of validating the user.
Processed object refers to something the user has such as identification card, security token and cell phone.
USER IDENTIFICATION
The examples of validating process using the user identification are:
• Key in the user name to log-in to a system and the system will verify whether the user is valid or invalid user
• Show the exam slip to verify that you are the valid candidate for the exam.
• show a passport before departure.
PROCESSED OBJECT
The examples of validating process using the processed object are:
• the policeman will check on the driver’s license to identify the valid driver
• employees have to swipe their security card to enter the building
• buy blouses at the mall using a credit card
PRIVACY IN COMPUTER USAGE
WHAT IS PRIVACY?
Privacy in IT refers to data and information privacy.
Data refers to a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures and
symbols. Then, computer is used to process data into information. In
general, data include texts, numbers, sounds, images and video.
Information privacy is described as the rights of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.
WAYS COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY THREATEN OUR PRIVACY
Every time you click on an advertisement or register a software product online, your information is entered into a database. Computer technology can also threaten privacy through spam. Do you know what spam is? Spam is unsolicited e-mail messages, advertisements or newsgroup postings sent to many recipients at once.
How does computer technology threaten the privacy of our data?
It is done through:
• Cookies
• Electronic profile
• Spyware
Computer technology threatens our privacy through electronic profiling. For example, when we fill out a form such as a magazine subscription, purchasing products or contest entry form on the Internet, this data is kept in the database. It will include age, address, marital status and other
personal details.
Cookies
• are used to identify users by web casting,e-commerce and other web
applications
• contain user information and are saved in the computer hard disk
• are used by some websites to store passwords and track how regularly we
visit a website, that’s how we become potential targets for web advertisers
• enable web sites to collect information about your online activities and
store them for future use, then the collected details will be sold to any
company that requests for it.
Electronic profile
• electronic profile is the combining of data in a database that can be sold
to the Internet by the company to the interested parties.
• this database is in a form such as magazine subscription or product
warranty cards that had been filled by online subscribers.
• the information in electronic profile includes personal details such as your
age, address and marital status.
Spyware
• refers to a program that collects user information without the user’s
knowledge.
• can enter computers, sneaking in like a virus.
• is a result of installing new programs.
• communicates information it collects to some outside source while we are
online.
WHY DO WE NEED PRIVACY?
We need privacy for anonymity. For example, the Internet creates an elaborate trail of data detailing a person surfing on the Web because all
information is stored inside cookies. We do not want our trail to be detected.
We also need privacy for confidentiality. For example, online information generated in the course of a business transaction is routinely used for
a variety of other purposes without the individual’s knowledge or consent.
We do not want our private lives and habits exposed to third parties.
CAN PRIVACY BE PROTECTED?
Privacy can be protected by:
(a) Privacy law
The privacy laws in Malaysia emphasises on the following:
• Security Services to review the security policy
• Security Management to protect the resources
• Security Mechanism to implement the required security services
• Security Objects, the important entities within the system environment
(b) Utilities software
Example: anti-spam program, firewall, anti-spyware and antivirus.
1.2.2.2 - State authentication and verification methods/technologies.
AUTHENTICATIONS
Authentication is a process where users verify that they are who they say they are. The user who attempts to perform functions in a system is in fact the user who is authorised to do so.
For Example : When you use an ATM card, the machine will verify the validation of the card then the machine will request for a pin number. This is where the authentication process takes place.
METHODS OF AUTHENTICATION
There are two commonly used authentication methods, which are biometric device and callback system.
Biometric device is a device that translates personal characteristics into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the database.
Callback system refers to the checking system that authenticates the user.
BIOMETRIC DEVICES
Fingerprint Recognition
In order to prevent fake fingers from being used, many
biometrics fingerprint systems also measure blood flow, or check for correctly arrayed ridges at the edges of the
fingers.
Facial Recognition
Facial recognition analyses the characteristics of an individual's face images captured through a digital video camera. Facial recognition is widely used, touted as a fantastic system for recognising potential threats
(whether terrorists, scam artists, or known criminals).
Hand Geometry Scanning
Hand scanning involves the measurement and analysis
of the shape of one's hand.
Unlike fingerprints, the human hand isn't unique.
Individual hand features are not descriptive enough for
identification.
It is possible to devise a method by combining various individual features and measurements of fingers and hands for verification purposes.
Iris Scanning
Iris scanning analyses the features that exist in the
coloured tissues surrounding the pupil which has more than 200 points that can be used for comparison, including rings, furrows and freckles.
The scans use a regular video camera and can be done from further away than a retinal scan.It will work perfectly fine through glasses and in fact has the ability to create an accurate enough measurement that it can be used for identification purposes.
The accuracy of this method is excellent while the cost involved is high.
Retinal Scanning
Retinal biometrics involves the scanning of retina and analysing the layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye.
Retinal scanning involves using a low-intensity light source and an optical coupler and can read the patterns at a great level of accuracy.
Retina scanning requires the user to remove glasses, place their eye close to the device, and focus on a certain point. Whether the accuracy can outweigh the public discomfort is yet to be seen.
The accuracy in retinal scanning is very good and the cost involved is fair.
Voice Recognition
Voice recognition system compares a person’s live speech with their stored voice pattern.
Voice recognition biometrics requires user to speak into a microphone. What he speaks can be his password or an access phrase.
Verification time is approximately 5 seconds. To prevent recorded voice
use, most voice recognition devices require the high and low frequencies of the sound to match, which is difficult for many recording instruments to recreate well. Also, some devices generate random number of sequences for
verification.
The accuracy in voice recognition is fair and the cost involved is very reasonable.
Signature Verification System
Signature verification system uses special pen and tablet. After pre-processing the signature, several features are extracted.
The authenticity of a writer is determined by comparing an input signature to a stored reference set (template) consisting of three signatures.
The similarity between an input signature and the reference set is computed using string matching and the similarity value is compared to a threshold.
The accuracy in signature verification system is fair and the cost involved is excellent.
CALLBACK SYSTEM
The callback system is commonly used in the bank operation and business transaction.
For example, when you book for the taxi service, the operator will ask you to hang up and she will call you back to confirm for the service required.
WHY IS AUTHENTICATION IMPORTANT?
Authentication is important in order to safeguard against the unauthorised access and use.
VERIFICATION
Verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of a system with respect to a certain formal specification.
METHODS OF VERIFICATION
There are two methods commonly used in verification, which are user identification and processed object.
User identification refers to the process of validating the user.
Processed object refers to something the user has such as identification card, security token and cell phone.
USER IDENTIFICATION
The examples of validating process using the user identification are:
• Key in the user name to log-in to a system and the system will verify whether the user is valid or invalid user
• Show the exam slip to verify that you are the valid candidate for the exam.
• show a passport before departure.
PROCESSED OBJECT
The examples of validating process using the processed object are:
• the policeman will check on the driver’s license to identify the valid driver
• employees have to swipe their security card to enter the building
• buy blouses at the mall using a credit card
Form4: 1.2.1.2 Exercise
1. State 3 the differencess between ethics and law
2. What is a definition of intellectual property ?
3. Explain briefly 4 the intellectual property protection
2. What is a definition of intellectual property ?
3. Explain briefly 4 the intellectual property protection
Form4: 1.2.1.2 Differentiate between ethics and law.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAW
DEFINITION OF ETHICS
In general, ethics is a moral philosophy where a person makes a specific moral choice and sticks to it. On the other hand, ethics in computing means moral guidelines to refer to when using the computer and computer networks. This includes the Internet.
DEFINITION OF LAW
Law is a legal system comprising of rules and principles that govern the affairs of a community and controlled by a political authority.
Law differs from one country to another. In the era of technology, computer law is needed to clarify goods or actions that fall under the computer law. Computer law refers to all areas in law that requires an understanding of computer technology such as hardware, software and Internet.
Examples of laws of computing in Malaysia include the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Act, the Computer Crime Act 1997 and the Telemedicine Act 1997.
1.2.1.3 State the need for intellectual property laws
WHY DO WE NEED ETHICS AND LAW IN COMPUTING?
• Respecting Ownership
• Respecting Privacy
• Respecting Property
RESPECTING OWNERSHIP
We must respect ownership by not stealing other people’s work either by duplicating or distributing it. Duplicating and distributing copies of audio
tapes, video tapes and computer programs without permission and authorisation from the individual or company that created the program
are immoral and illegal.
RESPECTING PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
We should respect other people's privacy and confidentiality by refraining ourselves from reading their mails or files without their permission. If we do so, it is considered as violating an individual’s rights to privacy and confidentiality.
RESPECTING PROPERTY
Property here means ownership. Since an individual data and information are considered as property, therefore, an act of tampering and changing electronic information is considered as vandalism and disrespect for other people’s property.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAW
Both ethics and law are complimentary to each other and are made:
• to guide user from misusing computers
• to create a healthy computer society, so that computers are used to
contribute to a better life
• to prevent any crime
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAWS
ETHICS
GUIDELINE As a guideline to computer users.
MORAL STANDARDS Ethical behaviour is judged by moral standards.
FREE TO FOLLOW Computer users are free to follow or ignore the code of ethics.
NO PUNISHMENTS No punishment for anyone who violates ethics.
UNIVERSALS Universal, can be applied anywhere, all over the world.
PRODUCE ETHICAL
COMPUTER USERS To produce ethical computer users.
IMMORAL Not honouring computer ethics means ignoring the moral elements
(immoral).
LAW
CONTROL As a rule to control computer users.
JUDICIAL STANDARDS Law is judged by judicial standards.
MUST FOLLOW Computer users must follow the regulations and law.
PENALTIES, IMPRISONMENTS
AND OTHER PUNISHMENTS Penalties, imprisonments and other punishments for those
who break the law.
DEPENDS ON COUNTRY Depends on country and state where the crime is
committed.
PREVENT MISUSING OF
COMPUTERS To prevent misuse of computers.
CRIME Not honouring the law means committing a crime.
UNETHICAL VS. LAW BREAKING CONDUCTS
Unethical:
• using the office computer to do personal things
• reading your friend’s e-mail without his or her permission
• plagiarising and using materials from the Internet for your class assignment without giving credit to the original author.
Law breaking:
• sending a computer virus via e-mail
• hacking into your school’s database to change your examination results.
• selling pirated software in a night market
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Intellectual Property refers to works created by inventors, authors and artists. These works are unique and have value in the market place. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by things that are protected by IP. Your school bags, your shoes and even your socks are protected by Intellectual Property rights. Nike, Bata or Adidas, for example, are all protected by a group of legal rights.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Intellectual Property laws cover ideas, inventions, literary creations, unique names, business models, industrial processes, computer program codes and more.
INVENTIONS PROTECTED BY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS
As businesses continue to expand globally, business owners must realise the importance of getting professional advice on how to establish and safeguard their intellectual property rights. These include :
• Trademarks
• Service marks
• Trade/company names
• Domain names
• Geographical indications
• Copyrights
• Patents
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
There are four types of Intellectual Property protection. They are patents for invention, trademarks for brand identity, designs for product appearance and copyright for material.
• Patents for inventions
• Trademarks for brand identity
• Design for product appearance
• Copyright for material
Patents for inventions
Utility, design or plant patents that protect inventions and improvements to
existing inventions
Trademarks for brand identity
Words, names, symbols, devices and images that represent products, goods or services.
Design for product appearance
Literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and roadcasts,
including software and multimedia.
Copyright for material
The features of, in particular,the lines, contours, colours,shape, texture or material of the product itself or its ornamentation.
DEFINITION OF ETHICS
In general, ethics is a moral philosophy where a person makes a specific moral choice and sticks to it. On the other hand, ethics in computing means moral guidelines to refer to when using the computer and computer networks. This includes the Internet.
DEFINITION OF LAW
Law is a legal system comprising of rules and principles that govern the affairs of a community and controlled by a political authority.
Law differs from one country to another. In the era of technology, computer law is needed to clarify goods or actions that fall under the computer law. Computer law refers to all areas in law that requires an understanding of computer technology such as hardware, software and Internet.
Examples of laws of computing in Malaysia include the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Act, the Computer Crime Act 1997 and the Telemedicine Act 1997.
1.2.1.3 State the need for intellectual property laws
WHY DO WE NEED ETHICS AND LAW IN COMPUTING?
• Respecting Ownership
• Respecting Privacy
• Respecting Property
RESPECTING OWNERSHIP
We must respect ownership by not stealing other people’s work either by duplicating or distributing it. Duplicating and distributing copies of audio
tapes, video tapes and computer programs without permission and authorisation from the individual or company that created the program
are immoral and illegal.
RESPECTING PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
We should respect other people's privacy and confidentiality by refraining ourselves from reading their mails or files without their permission. If we do so, it is considered as violating an individual’s rights to privacy and confidentiality.
RESPECTING PROPERTY
Property here means ownership. Since an individual data and information are considered as property, therefore, an act of tampering and changing electronic information is considered as vandalism and disrespect for other people’s property.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAW
Both ethics and law are complimentary to each other and are made:
• to guide user from misusing computers
• to create a healthy computer society, so that computers are used to
contribute to a better life
• to prevent any crime
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAWS
ETHICS
GUIDELINE As a guideline to computer users.
MORAL STANDARDS Ethical behaviour is judged by moral standards.
FREE TO FOLLOW Computer users are free to follow or ignore the code of ethics.
NO PUNISHMENTS No punishment for anyone who violates ethics.
UNIVERSALS Universal, can be applied anywhere, all over the world.
PRODUCE ETHICAL
COMPUTER USERS To produce ethical computer users.
IMMORAL Not honouring computer ethics means ignoring the moral elements
(immoral).
LAW
CONTROL As a rule to control computer users.
JUDICIAL STANDARDS Law is judged by judicial standards.
MUST FOLLOW Computer users must follow the regulations and law.
PENALTIES, IMPRISONMENTS
AND OTHER PUNISHMENTS Penalties, imprisonments and other punishments for those
who break the law.
DEPENDS ON COUNTRY Depends on country and state where the crime is
committed.
PREVENT MISUSING OF
COMPUTERS To prevent misuse of computers.
CRIME Not honouring the law means committing a crime.
UNETHICAL VS. LAW BREAKING CONDUCTS
Unethical:
• using the office computer to do personal things
• reading your friend’s e-mail without his or her permission
• plagiarising and using materials from the Internet for your class assignment without giving credit to the original author.
Law breaking:
• sending a computer virus via e-mail
• hacking into your school’s database to change your examination results.
• selling pirated software in a night market
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Intellectual Property refers to works created by inventors, authors and artists. These works are unique and have value in the market place. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by things that are protected by IP. Your school bags, your shoes and even your socks are protected by Intellectual Property rights. Nike, Bata or Adidas, for example, are all protected by a group of legal rights.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Intellectual Property laws cover ideas, inventions, literary creations, unique names, business models, industrial processes, computer program codes and more.
INVENTIONS PROTECTED BY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS
As businesses continue to expand globally, business owners must realise the importance of getting professional advice on how to establish and safeguard their intellectual property rights. These include :
• Trademarks
• Service marks
• Trade/company names
• Domain names
• Geographical indications
• Copyrights
• Patents
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
There are four types of Intellectual Property protection. They are patents for invention, trademarks for brand identity, designs for product appearance and copyright for material.
• Patents for inventions
• Trademarks for brand identity
• Design for product appearance
• Copyright for material
Patents for inventions
Utility, design or plant patents that protect inventions and improvements to
existing inventions
Trademarks for brand identity
Words, names, symbols, devices and images that represent products, goods or services.
Design for product appearance
Literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and roadcasts,
including software and multimedia.
Copyright for material
The features of, in particular,the lines, contours, colours,shape, texture or material of the product itself or its ornamentation.
Form4 : 1.2.1.1 Exercise
1. Computer ethics is?
2. List 3 the commandments of computer ethics.
3. List 3 the unethical computer code of conduct
4. List 3 the ethical computer code of conduct
2. List 3 the commandments of computer ethics.
3. List 3 the unethical computer code of conduct
4. List 3 the ethical computer code of conduct
Form 5ik1 & 5ik2 : Exercise - Pra SPM (A) ktanB
Answer all questions :
1. In general, ethics is a moral philosophy where a person makes a specific moral choice and sticks to it. What is a definition of ethic in computing ?
2. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by things that are protected by Intelectual Property. What is a definition of intellectual property ?
3. State two requirements for intellectual property laws.
4. Normally a router is use to access internet from a workstation to other place.
a) State two Internet services.
b) Explain the advantage of Internet to the students.
5. Web-base and CD-based are the medium of delivery for multimedia applications. State two differences between Web-based and CD-based.
Form 1h & 1s - Exercises Chapter 2 (A)
To all students Form 1h & 1 s
- please answer these questions in Maths Exercise Book :
1. Circle the numbers which have 4 as factor : 42, 68, 142, 520, 1180, 13244.
2. Circle the numbers which have 7 as factor : 112, 121, 142, 154, 266, 2157.
3. List all prime factors of the following numbers :
a) 63
b) 96
c) 105
d) 124
4. a) List all factors of 36.
b) List all factors of 42.
c) Write the common factors of 36 and 42.
5. Find HCF of the following numbers :
a) 96 and 112
b) 154 and 231
c) 30, 40 and 60
d) 27, 63 and 108
Thursday, February 5, 2009
Form5 : Exercise (b07ked)
Attention to all students Form 5ik1 and 5ik2..
Answer all question in A4 paper, pass up on Monday 9Feb09 before 11am. State name, class and date.
1. Operating System(OS) is a set of program that schedules tasks, allocates storage and presents a default interface to the user between applications.
List 3 examples of Operating System.
2. Give one example of low-level programming language.
3. Ahmadi is setting up a network in computer lab. List two devices needed to set up the computer network.
4. Give the usages of a straight cable and a crossed cable.
5. Adam works as a manager in a finance company. He was asked to send a top secret report to Maria in another branch. Adam asked Lina to send this report. When Lina tries to read the report she found out that the report has been encrypted.
i. Why does Adam encrypt the report?
ii. What is the term given to the encrypted text in the report?
iii. What do Adam and Maria need to have in order to create and read the report?
Tuesday, February 3, 2009
Form4: 1.2.1.1 Define computer ethics, code of ethics, intellectual property, privacy, Computer Crime and Cyber Law.
COMPUTER ETHICS
AND LEGAL ISSUES
LESSON 6
COMPUTER ETHICS
ETHICS IN GENERAL
A guideline is needed to stop the current technology products from being exploited for example replicating original CDs and selling them as pirated software, this unethical behaviour can be controlled by the code of conducts.
Unethical refers to any code of conducts that are not conforming to approved standards of social or professional behaviour.
Computer ethics is a system of moral standards or values used as a guideline for computer users.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF COMPUTER ETHICS
The United States Institute of Computer Ethics has come out with the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. These principles consider the effective code of conducts for the proper use of information technology. The Ten commandments of computer ethics are :
1. You shall not use a computer to harm other people.
2. You shall not interfere with other people's computer work.
3. You shall not snoop around in other people's computer files.
4. You shall not use a computer to steal.
5. You shall not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. You shall not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7. You shall not use other people's computer resources without authorisation
or proper compensation.
8. You shall not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
9. You shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing
or the system you are designing.
10. You shall always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and
respect for your fellow humans.
GUIDELINES ON THE E-MAIL AND INTERNET USAGE
Some guidelines from the Department of Public Services of Malaysia:
• use only individual e-mail address to forward individual opinion
• keep the identity name and password a secret to avoid the misuse of your e-
mail without your knowledge
• e-mail must be active to promptly reply the necessary actions needed for any
matters
• ensure the total mail kept in the box is within the computer storage capacity
• scan files regularly to avoid the transmission of virus from one computer
to another
• do not send e-mails that contain classified information which can be used
to tarnish other people or country
• choose a suitable time to search the Internet to save access time and cost
• beware of prohibited sites which could affect one's moral, organisation or
nation
• print only relevant documents that you think can be used in future to save
cost
UNETHICAL COMPUTER CODE OF CONDUCTS
With the advancement of ICT, it is easy for anyone to retrieve your information from the Internet. You may not realise that when you fill a form on the Internet, your information may be exposed and stolen.
Examples of unethical computer code of conducts include:
• modifying certain information on the Internet, affecting the accuracy of
the information
• selling information to other parties without the owner’s permission
• using information without authorization
• involvement in stealing software
• invasion of privacy
Intellectual property refers to any product of human intellect that is unique and has value in the market place. This covers ideas, inventions, unique name, computer program codes and many more.
ETHICAL COMPUTER CODE OF CONDUCTS
Examples of ethical computer code of conducts include:
• sending warning about viruses to other computer users
• asking permission before sending any business advertisements to others
• using information with authorization
AND LEGAL ISSUES
LESSON 6
COMPUTER ETHICS
ETHICS IN GENERAL
A guideline is needed to stop the current technology products from being exploited for example replicating original CDs and selling them as pirated software, this unethical behaviour can be controlled by the code of conducts.
Unethical refers to any code of conducts that are not conforming to approved standards of social or professional behaviour.
Computer ethics is a system of moral standards or values used as a guideline for computer users.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF COMPUTER ETHICS
The United States Institute of Computer Ethics has come out with the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. These principles consider the effective code of conducts for the proper use of information technology. The Ten commandments of computer ethics are :
1. You shall not use a computer to harm other people.
2. You shall not interfere with other people's computer work.
3. You shall not snoop around in other people's computer files.
4. You shall not use a computer to steal.
5. You shall not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. You shall not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7. You shall not use other people's computer resources without authorisation
or proper compensation.
8. You shall not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
9. You shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing
or the system you are designing.
10. You shall always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and
respect for your fellow humans.
GUIDELINES ON THE E-MAIL AND INTERNET USAGE
Some guidelines from the Department of Public Services of Malaysia:
• use only individual e-mail address to forward individual opinion
• keep the identity name and password a secret to avoid the misuse of your e-
mail without your knowledge
• e-mail must be active to promptly reply the necessary actions needed for any
matters
• ensure the total mail kept in the box is within the computer storage capacity
• scan files regularly to avoid the transmission of virus from one computer
to another
• do not send e-mails that contain classified information which can be used
to tarnish other people or country
• choose a suitable time to search the Internet to save access time and cost
• beware of prohibited sites which could affect one's moral, organisation or
nation
• print only relevant documents that you think can be used in future to save
cost
UNETHICAL COMPUTER CODE OF CONDUCTS
With the advancement of ICT, it is easy for anyone to retrieve your information from the Internet. You may not realise that when you fill a form on the Internet, your information may be exposed and stolen.
Examples of unethical computer code of conducts include:
• modifying certain information on the Internet, affecting the accuracy of
the information
• selling information to other parties without the owner’s permission
• using information without authorization
• involvement in stealing software
• invasion of privacy
Intellectual property refers to any product of human intellect that is unique and has value in the market place. This covers ideas, inventions, unique name, computer program codes and many more.
ETHICAL COMPUTER CODE OF CONDUCTS
Examples of ethical computer code of conducts include:
• sending warning about viruses to other computer users
• asking permission before sending any business advertisements to others
• using information with authorization
Form 1H & 1S : Exercises (Number Line)
To all students - Form 1H & 1S, do this exercises in Maths Book 1. (Tues-3Feb09)
Answer all questions :
1. 45 – 35 + 70 =
2. – 30 + 25 + 40 =
3. 50 – 68 – 67 + 50 =
4. – 55 + 50 – 60 + 30 =
5. – 40 – 57 – 28 – 60 =
6. 80 + 30 – 150 – 230 =
7. 145 – 315 + 170 =
8. – 130 + 125 + 410 =
9. 502 – 168 – 670 + 150 =
10. – 515 + 150 – 610 + 310 =
11. – 140 – 157 – 128 – 610 =
12. 810 + 310 – 450 – 230 =
13. 245 – 325 + 270 =
14. – 320 + 225 + 420 =
15. 520 – 682 – 267 + 520 =
16. – 525 + 520 – 620 + 320 =
17. – 430 – 357 – 328 – 630 =
18. 830 + 330 – 350 – 730 =
19. 1520 – 6182 – 1267 + 1520 =
20. – 5215 + 5210 – 6210 + 3120 =
Answer all questions :
1. 45 – 35 + 70 =
2. – 30 + 25 + 40 =
3. 50 – 68 – 67 + 50 =
4. – 55 + 50 – 60 + 30 =
5. – 40 – 57 – 28 – 60 =
6. 80 + 30 – 150 – 230 =
7. 145 – 315 + 170 =
8. – 130 + 125 + 410 =
9. 502 – 168 – 670 + 150 =
10. – 515 + 150 – 610 + 310 =
11. – 140 – 157 – 128 – 610 =
12. 810 + 310 – 450 – 230 =
13. 245 – 325 + 270 =
14. – 320 + 225 + 420 =
15. 520 – 682 – 267 + 520 =
16. – 525 + 520 – 620 + 320 =
17. – 430 – 357 – 328 – 630 =
18. 830 + 330 – 350 – 730 =
19. 1520 – 6182 – 1267 + 1520 =
20. – 5215 + 5210 – 6210 + 3120 =
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Form4: 1.1.2.2 Exercise
1. Computer system mean..................
2. Explain the differencess between computerized and non-computerized systems in:
a)Banking
b)Industry
c)Commerce
2. Explain the differencess between computerized and non-computerized systems in:
a)Banking
b)Industry
c)Commerce
Alumni Tmn Selayang(2) - 1feb2009 (Rasa Sayang R)
Assalamualaikum semua bekas murid 6 Anggerik 1989,
Terima kasih atas majlis yang telah dibuat tadi.. saya berasa sungguh terharu dan berbangga dengan keupayaan anda semua mengadakan majlis tersebut. Walaupun ringkas tetapi untuk buat pertama kali, ia memberi kesan mendalam kepada semua yang hadir. Tahniah dan syabas kepada pengelolanya Dian Megawati.
Semuanya telah berubah, maklumlah sudah 20 tahun baru berjumpa. Kita bersyukur kerana semua murid saya ni 'menjadi'.. Dian, Azilah, Diana, Nizaha, Norhuda, Suzylena, Mariana, Luqman, Sukor, Johari, Razali, Asdi, Nizam, Tuan Adnan (ada lagi ke yang tak tulis ? ), awak semua ni memang membanggakan saya. Saya harap kita akan menjadi kumpulan bekas murid yang aktif, aktif dengan perancangan dan aktiviti.. agar selain dari bekerja, kita boleh melakukan aktiviti yang 'anti stress'. Saya menyokong dari belakang. Memang saya seronok dengan majlis tadi. Semoga kita akan berjumpa lagi. Jangan lupa contact no semua.. Ok, jumpa lagi, insyaaallah.
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