Five Types of IS (5 types):
1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)
Is a set of business system designed to provide information for decision making.
2. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)
Is an information system that capture and processes data from day-to-day business activities.
3. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)
Is a computer system that support manager in non-routine decision making task.
Involves a model, a mathematical representation of a real life situation.
4. EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EIS)
Is a decision support system especially made for senior-level executive.
5. EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
ES is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human expert and then imitates human reasoning and decision making.
Consist two main components :
a knowledge base – is a combined subject knowledge and experiences of the human expert.
inference rules – a set of logical judgment that are applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system.
AI is the application of human intelligence to computers.
AI technology senses a person’s actions and based on logical assumptions and prior experience, take the appropriate action to complete the task.
The Usage Of Each IS :
1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)
Generate accurate timely, and organized information that can help manager make a decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.
2. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)
Recording a transaction such as a students registration and customer’s order.
Confirming an action or causing a response, such as printing student’s schedule.
Maintaining data, which involves adding new data, changing data or removing unwanted data.
3. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)
Helps users analyze data and make decision.
Some DSS allow manager to create a model of the factor affecting a decision.
4. EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EIS)
Support the strategic information needs of executive management.
Presents information such as charts and tables that show trends, ratios, and statistics.
5. EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
ES help all levels of users make decisions.
Enterprise employ expert system in a variety of roles, such as answering customer questions, training new employees, and analyzing data.
DEFINITION OF BIT, BYTE, FIELD, RECORD AND FILE :
1. BIT
A bit is a the smallest unit of data that computer can process.
Bit is a short for binary digit.
A bit is represent by the numbers 1 and 0. These numbers represent the binary system. They correspond to the states of on and off, true and false, or yes and no.
2. BYTE
Byte is a unit of information built by bits. One byte equal to 8 bits.
8 bits that are grouped together as a unit. A byte provider enough difference combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual character.
One byte represent a single character such as the number 3, letter b or a $ symbols.
3. FIELD
Combination of one or more characters.
Smallest unit of data user accesses
Field size defines the maximum number of characters a field can contain.
Field name uniquely identifies each field.
Data type specifies kind of data field contains.
4. RECORD
Group of related field
Key field or primary key uniquely identifies each record.
5. FILE
Collection of related record stored in disk.
Define Database & Database management System (DBMS):
1. Database
Is an organized collection of related data
2. Database Management System (DBMS)
Is a software that helps you organize data in way that allows fast and easy access to the data.
With a database program you can enter, modify, store, and retrieve data in a variety of ways.
List the benefit of using database :
1. Reduced Redundancy
2. Data carried in separate files, as opposed to a database, tends to repeat some of the same data over and over.
Integrated Data
3. Rather than being in separate and independent files, data in database is considered integrated because any item of data can be used to satisfy an inquiry or a report.
4. Integrity
Integrity concerns increase as the sophistication of the data increase.
5. Shared data
6. Easier access
7. Reduced development time.
Define the primary key and foreign key :
1. Primary Key
-is a field that uniquely identifies each record in a file.
-very important
Example : student ID
2. Foreign Key
-Is a second key in the table which has a primary key.
-not important
State the importance of primary key :
In normalization, primary key is used to decrease the amount of duplication.